Effect of supply and demand and gas in our lifetime Essay Example for Free

Effect of supply and demand and gas in our lifetime Essay Oil has been an integral socio-economic vehicle which within the corporate scene remains a highly competitive socio-economic driver. Due to vast uses and demand, oil has become controversial and elastic in socio-politics. Here we see it causing socio constraints in oil producing countries and collapsing political institutions. Socially oil has a significant contribution in our general lifestyle. It has a comparative role within the context of mobility and industrial function where it is used in factories as well as in institutions which use combustive machinery. It is a determinant of economic prowess of a country. It plays a major role in research and advancement of power generation and use of bio fuels to ease environmental pollution. Gas is valuable in our lives based on the fact that it eases the burden of power use in cooking and within many socio institutions especially within our families. Gas also has been highly competitive and still remains so with many countries seeking to sustain demand. Recently European countries grappled with Russian company Gazprom over supply of gas when the company threatened to cut supplies. This paper reflects on the major effects of oil and gas on our lives in various aspects of socio-economics and its profundity. This profundity establishes the oil and gas use and contribution to socio-economics and politics. This analytical review covers environmental, political and research contributions, so as to keep sustenance of the same at per with developments in the technological trends within our lives which drain energy resources and adversely effect socio-economic stability. Contribution to socio economics Economic growth is dependent on energy resources. Energy supply within the development perspectives of a nation deplete economic recession and create more apertures for industrial progression in the nation. The distribution of resources within this economic perspective contributes to social –economic growth due to the dissemination of the resources made and gained from the industrial progression. Socio-economic progress is what supports the constituents of the society, namely the family. Most families own vehicles, machinery and combustive equipment that require oil to run them. They own various oil consuming devices like generators which they use to get power and run their daily activities. This perspective of integrating resources based on oil based contribution and importance is indicative of the pivotal role oil plays in the economic progression of a nation and a community. On the negative aspect, oil has very diverse negative effects on social economic gains and has led to the disintegration of economic stability within the units of the society. Increase in oil prices leads to stifling of social economics due to constrained spending so as to meet the higher cost of fuel. This constraint forces individuals to over spend and increased prices of goods and services. The effect spreads within the society to the most unfortunate and stirs unrest due to the high prices. On the same aspect oil has been a very competitive socially owned natural resources which in as many countries has caused political divisions and social disintegration. Communities in developing nations have been embroiled in long civil wars like in Nigeria. Nations with superior industrial needs have sought after taking advantage of lesser nations to establish forced oil drilling concessions so as to have a monopoly in the production of oil and directly befit their economic needs while hurting that of the producing country. The performance of the portfolio might be measured by the effects of changes in energy costs and availability of energy on the economy. Another portfolio measure might be the effects of the mix of energy sources on the diversity and vulnerability of the supply. Generating Electric Power in the Pacific Northwest: Implications of Alternative Technologies Christopher G. Pernin, Mark A. Bernstein, Andrea Mejia, Howard Shih, Fred Rueter, Wilbur Steger 2002. p 15 Effect on Resources Drilling oil has led to dilapidation of natural resources like forested land, marine resources and agricultural land. The effect on these natural resources is basically destruction of their existence so as to create sufficient exploration and drilling acreage. To excavate gas or oil, exploration and seismic survey has to be conducted on very significant area of acreage which completely reduces this area to a wasteful land for many years. The long term effect is that, the existing resources and land itself becomes wasted and polluted due to activities involved to get the gas or oil out. However there are positive attributes that come along with oil and gas production. There creation of jobs on these areas benefits local and professionals who have relevant experience and knowledge on the activities related to drilling and producing oil and gas. Creation of infrastructure and connection to electricity grids become the positive effects on the resources which can be utilized within the region the drilling or production is on going. The resources, like agricultural activities directly benefit from these changes and developments. Existing coffee factories get a boost to revert from using diesel engines to electricity. Communities are connected to the electric grid and can access electricity. Industries come up and processing of natural resources become easier. Proved reserves are both drilled and un-drilled. The proved drilled reserves, in any pool, include oil estimated to be recoverable by the production systems now in operation, whether with or without fluid injection, and from the area actually drilled up on the spacing pattern in effect in that pool. The proved un-drilled reserves, in any pool, include reserves under un-drilled spacing units which are so close, and so related, to the drilled units that there is every reasonable probability that they will produce when drilled. Bruce C.  Netschert The Future Supply of Oil and Gas: A Study of the Availability of Crude Oil, Natural Gas, and Natural Gas Liquids in the United States in the Period through 1975: 1958. p 7 Development of alternative fuels Oil and gas have led to positive research on energy needs globally. Companies and researchers have been seeking best solutions to the waning supplies and deposits of gas and oil to curb the eminent collapse of the supply and demand. Discovery of coal mines, use of electric car and trains development of alternative oil are diverse developments all based on the oil and gas supply and demand agenda. According to arguments based on the global perspective on demand and supply of gas and oil, it is questionable and much worrisome ‘Are resources likely to be available during the next fifty years in the quantities necessary to satisfy projected demands without substantial increases in prices? If not, what price in- creases are likely to be necessary to close the gap between supply and demand, and what are the effects of those increases likely to be? Ronald G. Ridker William D. Watson: To Choose a Future: Resource and Environmental Consequences of Alternative Growth Paths. 980. p 96. Negative effects of the demand and supply is mainly seen within the oil curtails and supply context. International oil curtails have a stranglehold on the oil and gas prices and the effect of alternative oils becomes less dynamic and progressive stifling efforts to stipulate best policies to use to achieve the required progress in alternatives is slow. Implementation of development of alternative o ils and energy resources has been ongoing. Creation of biodegradable oils has resolved much of the fears that demand would become elastic. Environmental effects Global warming and environmental degradation consequences on the flora are as a result of a lot of oil and gas exploration activities. Secondly the use of oil and gas in industries and within the concepts of combustion has led to degradation of the environmental. Industrial effluent related to oil has destroyed the flora while gaseous emission like carbon emissions from vehicles and industrial machinery has destroyed the ozone layer resulting to global warming. There are literally no positive implications on the environment by oil and gas. However on the profound aspect of research advancing of technology to improve on the air and to maintain a level of complacency within the ozone layer has led to discovery and global use of green houses and introduction of policies which reflect on addressing how to stop global warming. Governmental and geo-political effects A lot of the current crisis within the global fronts is based on escalation of demand of oil and gas by major world like the United States. The demand for energy, especially based on oil supplies has become un-foreseeable, as such the need to have vast reserves of oil within proximity as insulation to the critical point of demand and elasticity of demand is important. Non-Marxist social science, needless to say, had to contend with the reality, where incidents of collective violence were taking place all around. Facing this contradiction between their theory and reality, a compromise was reached by which it was hypothesized that anti-systemic conflict was only a temporary situation. This situation, they argued, would be symptomatic of the Third World nations going through a structural change. Structural change caused by the introduction of economic development and a new production relationship calls for the end to the traditional social and economic relationship. Dipak K. Gupta: The Economics of Political Violence: The Effect of Political Instability on Economic Growth. 1990 p 31 The issue here is that political prowess has influenced a lot of political inclinations in various nations within the world. On the same context, government policies to curb oil prices and to have reserves for future use have become null and wavering. The community within these jurisdictions suffer fluctuating oil prices and there is no consistency in the pricing hence the problem of constantly adjusting to the new prices due to lack of legislation. Political problems have emanated from this point with extremist policies on invasion of natural resources and barrel prices becoming tools of stifling economic progress in the communities.

The Role of Nonprofit Organizations in Compensating for Market Failure

The Role of Nonprofit Organizations in Compensating for Market Failure ABSTRACT: This paper reviews three social scientific accounts of the civic sector's role in society: the government failure, contract failure, and voluntary failure theories. All three explain the role of nonprofit organizations as compensating for the market's failure to provide certain collective goods. This approach involves a radical misinterpretation of the underlying principles of civic sector organizations. An account is needed that explains their economy in terms of their normative concerns, rather than explaining normative concerns in terms of their economy. I lay a foundation for such an account by examining (1) the self-understanding among civic sector organizations that they should be "mission-driven," and (2) the implications of this self-understanding for the sector as a "social economy." Whereas "mission-drivenness" calls attention to service-provision, resource-sharing, and open communication as the normative core of civic sector organizations, the notion of a "social economy" suggests a recirculation of money into channels where standard economic logic no longer holds. The key to the civic sector's role lies not in responses to market failure, but in the short-circuiting of a money-driven capitalist economy. Three trends will shape the future of education around the world: the revolution in information technologies, the crisis of the welfare state, and the globalization of a consumer capitalist economy. In the face of such powerful developments on a massive scale, philosophy's efforts toward "educating humanity" (1) can seem both presumptuous and quixotic: presumptuous, because much of philosophy has given up global theorizing of sort ... ...n producers and consumers, or among consumers. (10) Jon Van Tils Mapping the Third Sector: Voluntarism in a Changing Social Economy (Washington, D.C.: Foundation Center, 1988) hints at this, but a communitarian emphasis on building habits of the heart keeps Van Til from pursuing the normative implications of voluntarism for the communication that should characterize such organizations and their relations to the public. (11) Civic sector organizations are under tremendous pressure to bend their communicative capacities for the sake of sales, advertising, marketing, and public relations strategies whose primary objective is the promotion and preservation of the organization itself. While such strategies are necessary, openness suffers when communication subserves these strategies rather than these strategies themselves submitting to tests for open communication.

Ethics Assessment Essay

It is a fact that any business organization must have its principles of code of conduct. These principles must be generally accepted as they act as a mirror to the company’s or organization’s policy of ethics and responsibility, its employees, and the entire marketing team in maintaining consumer as well as community relationships. The organization’s policy has to be based on high-level ethical principles that are fair to all its stake holders. The aim of these principles is to provide a general guidance to the organization without which no meaningful business can take place (Dubois & Fattore, 2009). The mission statement, just like the code of ethics or code of conduct, is very essential as part of the organization’s business plan. It is very vital in giving the organization a clear direction concerning how the organization’s plans should be implemented as well as its future plans. The employee handbook Is another equally as important document and it is often used to evaluate the worker’s organization’s overall performance in terms of profitability and its relation with its customers and the general community. The management of any company or organization is supposed to take routine evaluation based on the key areas of the company’s or organizations set-up. These are the Mission Statement, the Ethics Code or Code of Ethics, the Supervisor’s manual as well as the employee handbook. These are the basic things that a company needs so as to be able to survive in the highly competitive world of business where excellent service delivery is the secret to success. The mission statement of any company or organization should be clear to all concerned; the employees, the supervisors and the managers in that order. The mission statement originates from the management and it is here that the managers map out the company’s guide and modes of operation (Stone, 2008). The overall manager or director of the organization should then discuss it thoroughly with fellow managers of the various departments to make sure that it meets the right description of the company before it is released to the employees and subsequently the general public who make up the target market. In order for a mission statement to be deemed successful, it must reach the intended audience as fast as possible and in a clear manner. The services or goods that the company or organization offers are sometimes not well spelt out. This leads to a misunderstanding, miscommunication or misinterpretation . This in turn leads to loss of business because the customers do not know much about the business or exactly what it is that they offer. An example is that of the hospitality industry. Some companies or organization do not care to include in their mission statement full details of what they offer. In such a case a customer may enter a business premise not knowing anything that the organization offers. If prospective customers do not know the full details of the company’s or organizations mission, then disappointment is the result and this The result in most cases is disappointment and loss of prospective customers. Such an oversight should be avoided by setting out clearly on paper what it is that the organization is dealing in instead of leaving it upon customers to guess. A mission statement is the heart of the company’s operations and therefore the managers should make sure that the set code of ethics or conduct is adhered to for the implementation of the company’s or organization’s mission to be successful. Two different companies dealing in the same goods and services were evaluated in terms of how their structures for the communication of their mission statement with relation to their business ethics and standards. In some strange way it was identified that the organization with a wide range of mission statement content performed worse than the organization with a wider range of code of ethics content (Shafritz & Hyde, 2007). The above fact is characteristic of the mission and vision statement of the giant Coca Cola company which they describe as enduring, a declaration of their purpose as a corporation. This mission statement acts as the yardstick against which they weigh their decisions and actions. The company acknowledges that the world is fast changing and as such they have to look at the future. They have to understand the forces and trends likely to shape their business in the foreseeable future and the only solution is to move with speed in preparing for any challenges that may come up. The mission statement takes one only a few seconds to go through but the clarity of the message is outstanding. The three point statement reads; ‘To Refresh the World†¦ in body, mind, and spirit. , To Inspire Moments of Optimism†¦ through our brands and our actions. , To Create Value and Make a Difference†¦ everywhere we engage’ (Fry, 1989). The company’s mission is communicated to the public in a clear and simple way and this is the reason for the continued confidence consumers have always had confidence in their brands over the years. Theirs is a perfect example of an inspiring, well-crafted mission statement from a very successful corporation in the world. The company communicates its mission statement through an aggressive campaign aimed at sensitizing the consumers about their aims and goals. The inspiration for everything they do I attributed to their enduring mission. Both the workers and the management find the resolve to go on with the challenges of the corporate world by drawing from the inspiration in the mission statement. Coca Cola has as a result managed to outsmart other well positioned companies like Pepsi Cola and Schweppes Cola which had for sometime rivaled the corporation. The company is socially responsible. It has, through its mission statement managed to create stable communities by manufacturing superb brands that has provided an alternative to other less health-sensitive drinks. The factors behind this are the code of ethics under which the company operates. The customer is the most important person to the company and in essence they strive to keep him satisfied. It is the mission statement, source of their inspiration, which keeps everyone in the company focused with a view to achieving this goal (Kettl & James, 2009). Coca cola’s employee manual and the supervisor’s manual provide for all the needs of the employees and the management, ranging from health benefits to reasonable pay allowances. The company has a strict program of ethics and compliance to ensure that its code of ethics is adhered to. This code of conduct requires employees be honest and have integrity in everything they do for the company and has so far been successful in guiding its business conduct (Stone, 2008). This is communicated through reading the manual and all the directors are supposed t understand and exercise them within the company and the outside community at large. The company has an ethics and compliance committee whose job is the evaluation of the compliance with relation to the company’s productivity and its relations with the outside community. This committee determines code violation and recommends the action to be taken against the violator. The code of ethics is routinely revised to improve its effectives. The company needs to improve the code of ethics and update it so as to meet the challenging and changing trends in the business fraternity. Some regulations need to be adjusted so that the employees can interact with the outside community more freely, but this should be done with some regulations so that the people who work in the production department do not leak the company’s production formula to other rival companies (Fry, 1989). Company needs to urgently review mission statement. The statement is too sketchy and many other companies have come up with more catching and better worded mission statements and this has made them sneak their way into the company’s consumer base therefore reducing Coca Cola’s share of the market. Many people all over the world who used to rely on Coca Cola for refreshment have in the recent past turned to other means like tea, water and coffee and therefore the company should redraft its mission statement to reflect the current needs of the consumers. These changes should be communicated in a very aggressive advertisement exercise that will reach all the concerned people (Shafritz & Hyde, 2009). This will surely make a change in the consumers’ hearts and renew their confidence in the company’s products. If I were the general manager of the Coca Cola Company, would hire a team of experts to review the company’s ethics, evaluate it and come up with suggestions on how make the existing one better. The team would have to the consumers armed with questionnaires and ask the relevant questions to determine how best the company can improve its services to suit the likes of the consumers. REFERENCES Dubois, H. F. W. & Fattore, G. (2009). ‘Definitions and typologies in public administration. Routledge. Fry, R ( 1989). Mastering Public Administration; from Max Weber to Dwight Waldo. Chatham, New Jersey: Chatham House Publishers, Inc. Kettl, D & James (2009). The Politics of the Administrative Process. Washington Shafritz, J & Hyde, A (2007). Classics of Public Administration. Routledge. Stone, D (2008) ‘Global Public Policy, Transnational Policy Communities and their Networks,’ Journal of Policy Sciences.

Scientific Method Case Study Resolving a Lawn Problem Essay

RUNNING HEAD: SCIENTIFIC METHOD CASE STUDY Scientific Method Case Study: Resolving a Lawn Problem Sharon Webster University of Phoenix September 11, 2006 SCI/256 Instructor: Harish Rekapally, MS Scientific Method Case Study: Resolving a Lawn Problem Introduction The scenario for this case study is that you notice that the grass around my house is brown, short, and dead. The grass around my neighbors house is green, tall, and alive. Utilizing my understanding of the Scientific Method, my intent is to explain what the problem is to develop a hypothesis. After developing the hypothesis I will then design and perform an experiment to test my hypothesis; analyze my data and reach conclusions regarding my hypothesis. I will†¦show more content†¦Augustine. The grass in the yard at this time is buffalo grass. Now we need to take a look at the watering, fertilizing, and mowing which is recommended for buffalo grass. Buffalo grass likes the warm weather of the southwest desert but does not go into winter dormancy at elevations below 3,000 feet. Buffalo grass also requires less water than other grasses; however, if it runs out of water during the summer, it will enter drought-induced dormancy. Drought-induced dormancy simply means th at it will turn brown in the summer just as it does in the winter. (3) The hypothesis is that the grass in my lawn runs out of water, therefore causing it to be short, brown, and basically dead. Another hypothesis is that I may have poor soil. No amount of water or sunlight will make my lawn luscious and green if the soil is poor. The backbone to a grass plant is its root system. The roots soak up water, collect nutrients, anchor the plant and, in some species, spread out to new growth plants. A plant can only do these things effectively if the soil is right. The soil needs to be loose enough that the grass roots can spread easily, absorbent enough that it will collect water and rich enough that it can provide the plant with nutrients. Roots also need a certain amount of circulating air, which means the soil cannot be too compact. (2) Testing My Hypothesis (Third Step) Based on my first hypothesis, that the lawn is running out ofShow MoreRelatedOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesknow better) to trivialize this very problematic and challenging subject. This is not the case with the present book. This is a book that deserves to achieve a wide readership. Professor Stephen Ackroyd, Lancaster University, UK This new textbook usefully situates organization theory within the scholarly debates on modernism and postmodernism, and provides an advanced introduction to the heterogeneous study of organizations, including chapters on phenomenology, critical theory and psychoanalysisRead MorePractical Guide to Market Research62092 Words   |  249 Pagesthan 2,000 research projects. Each one different, but with more common ground between them than you may think. They all had a research design geared to a set of objectives. All had a method that in many cases involved a mixture of secondary and primary research or qualitative or quanti3 tative research. In every case, data had to be analysed and clearly reported to the sponsor so that they could move forward with more confidence and less risk in making decisions. If you are reading this book youRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesmymanagementlab is an online assessment and preparation solution for courses in Principles of Management, Human Resources, Strategy, and Organizational Behavior that helps you actively study and prepare material for class. Chapter-by-chapter activities, including built-in pretests and posttests, focus on what you need to learn and to review in order to succeed. Visit www.mymanagementlab.com to learn more. DEVELOPING MANAGEMENT SKILLS EIGHTH EDITION David A. Whetten BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY Read MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOrganizational Behavior Comprehensive Cases Indexes Glindex 637 663 616 623 Contents Preface xxii 1 1 Introduction What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Importance of Interpersonal Skills 4 What Managers Do 5 Management Functions 6 †¢ Management Roles 6 †¢ Management Skills 8 †¢ Effective versus Successful Managerial Activities 8 †¢ A Review of the Manager’s Job 9 Enter Organizational Behavior 10 Complementing Intuition with Systematic Study 11 Disciplines That Contribute to